Retraction Note: The association between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood intelligence_ a systematic review of observational studies (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2023), 30, 8, (19592-19601), 10.1007/s11356-023-25309-w)

Abstract

The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher have retracted this article. An investigation by the Publisher found a number of articles, including this one, which share similar concerns, involving but not limited to, irregularities with respect to authorship and peer review. The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this article. Authors Pushpamala Ramaiah, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, R. Sivaraman, A. Heri Iswanto, and Yasser Fakri Mustafa did not respond to correspondence from the Publisher about this retraction. The Publisher has been unable to obtain a current email address for authors Farag M. A. Altalbawy, Ria Margiana, N. Bharath Kumar, Fitriani Kahar, Aan Komariah, Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, Mustafa M. Kadhim, and Moslem Lari Najafi. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.